Piggy Essay Example for Free

Piggy Essay Piggy was the most technical and constructional boy in his group. Piggy represented technology, which must be built upon the basis of order of civilization. Under Ralph’s unstable rule, Piggy’s words were not listened. Because things that directly affect their daily life, such as safe food and concern of monster, were more important than hopes to be rescued, people overlooked Piggy’s opinions. Under barbarian society, technology was never used for its adequate purpose. When power takes over order, Piggy was abused frequently, for he was not an important source of dictator’s interest. Piggy frequently argued about Jack’s decisions, and, someday, Piggy would harm dictator’s position, with his practical methods to be rescued. First of all, Piggy had many useful items and smart idea to use them wisely for everyone. His glasses were the only method to make signal to outside of the island. He guaranteed warm, safe night and food as well. While superstitious rumor were merged from each boy, Piggy suggested another signal on the beach. By his death, he remembered his initial goal, to be rescued, while other boys were fallen in the lawless human nature. His actions were not only for himself, but also for everyone. As being a vestige of lost human civilization, he tried to remind boys the hope of being rescued, and to be organized. However, Piggy’s opinions were not convincing to uncivilized boys, who wanted plans that can make improvements in their lives immediately, but not a preparation that would gradually lead them toward better outcome. Second of all, Piggy had no leadership, because he was physically not appealing, and was not clever enough to send his messages explicitly. He had no interest in playing with other boys, so he did not have any friend, who could support his opinion. He spoke out his opinion regardless of others’ when something does not work in his mind. Most of conversations Piggy had were scolding others, like adult disciplining children. Having anything that would return other boy’s minds, Piggy became an irritant to other boys. Later, he was disregarded by other boys. Therefore, as he was disregarded, his saying also had only a little power. If only he showed his politeness and diligence like an adult, boys would have relied on Piggy. Last of all, Piggy developed plots by making a new topic in the group. He was a strong supporter of Ralph; accordingly he deepened the conflict between barbarism and civilization. He suggested practical and reasonable opinions that deserve to be praised in the civilized society. However, he was deserted and ignored by barbarism. In the correspondence with the theme, Piggy amplified the bad aspect of barbarism. Every boy was adapted in civilized world, but possessed savage instinct as well. Piggy did the job of the symbol of vestige of civilization after barbarism overwhelmed civilization. Golding advanced the theme with Piggy, by showing reckless behavior of boys, pretending to be civilized, but illustrating barbarism. Piggy was outstanding in thinking, but poor in eloquence. He deserves to be praised that Piggy did not care of other’s ungrounded blames, so he suggested his proper opinions. However, it is definitely wrong that Piggy didn’t consider other’s mind. However, Golding used Piggy in a sense that how people these days in a civilization may not care for others’ feelings and be selfish, but smart and effective in other way.

Aristophanes Views :: Aristophanes Greek Theatre Plays Essays

Aristophanes' Views There have been many arguments as to Aristophanes views and politics. Some arguing that it is almost impossible to determine any serious view points Aristophanes may have being trying to say through his plays. While many others may argue, that points made in the Parabasis and through the various comic styles, are the key to what Aristophanes thought and believed. With so little evidence of Aristophanes himself, it is hard to prove a case either way. While taking into account the social climate at the time and what the main aims of the plays were, I will be looking into Thesmophoriazusae and whether Aristophanes was attempting to make any serious points through various styles of humour. In order to determine whether Aristophanes was putting forward a serious point, it helps to look at the back ground and context in which his plays were written. In Greek theatre the audience was made up solely of men. with the only women being those on stage, and even then only allowed to play silent parts such as slaves. Throughout the play, women are a common theme, at the time in which Thesmophoriazusae was written (411bc), attitudes towards them were much the same as in many societies. Women were inferior to men, in almost all parts of society. They were the property of men. Whether it be their husbands or their fathers, they could not vote, could not hold a position of office, and could not own any property. However in some parts of Athenian society they were considered to be almost the equals of men, religion is a prime example of this. In religious matters women were at times essential, in burials and civic sacrifice rituals. In contrast to this, Pericles’ citizenship law (451bc) raised their status to that of most prized possessions. The law stated that only an Athenian wife could produce a legitimate male heir. She became the only thing that could allow the husband’s family name to be carried on. It became a constant fear for the husbands, that their wives would be adulterous and produce a child, as the child would grow up and have a legitimate claim on the family possessions. Women became far more protected by their husband’s, than they ever had been previously. A wife with both an Athenian mother and Athenian father, became highly prized. This of course was more of a problem for a rich husband than a poor husband, as they had more to lose. However due to a lack of being able to afford help around the house, women of poor husbands had greater freedom, as they had to go out and fetch things needed for the

Midterm Intermediate Macroeconomics Essay

1. How are presidential election outcomes related to the performance of the economy? Presidential elections and the economy have a very close relationship and they go together hand and hand. Usually when the economy is good and opinion of the government is positive, the incumbent or the party of the last president wins the election. People tend the lean towards why change a good thing. A couple of theories exist in the relationship of the economy and presidents. The first one is that voters will vote for whichever president they feel shares the same economic vales that they have. Usually the poor vote liberal or for bigger government because they think they will provide more economic relief them and their families. The second theory is that the president currently in power will attempt to pass policies that will allow their party to stay in power. So, presidents on their first term will make monetary and fiscal policies close to the election year to stimulate the economy to sway voters. Two examples of how the economy can sway the presidential election against an incumbent are Hoover and George H.W. Bush. Both presidents had economic downturns during their first term in office and were not reelected. Other factors play key roles in presidential elections, but none are bigger than economics. 2. Discuss the difference between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. Microeconomics is the study of decision making undertaken by individuals (households) and by business firms. Micro looks at the decisions of individual’s actions, like deciding to work overtime or not. Another example is a small business decision on how much to spend of advertising cost. Micro focuses on the supply and demand in an economy, and how businesses can maximize profits. Macroeconomics is the study of the behavior of the economy as a whole. Macro deals with national items like the unemployment rate, government budget deficit, and money supplied by the FED. Macro deals with aggregates, such as the total output as in the economy. For example, Macro would explore how net exports could affect a nation’s capital. 3. Use the concepts of gross and net investment to distinguish between an economy that has a rising stock of capital and one that has a falling stock of capital. â€Å"In 1933 net private domestic investment was minus $6 billion. This means that in that particular year the economy produced no capital goods at all.† Do you agree? Why or why not? Explain: â€Å"Though net investment can be positive, negative, or zero, it is quite impossible for gross investment to be less than zero.† Gross Investment = Net Investment + Depreciation We can rearrange this to say: Net Investment = Gross Investment – Depreciation The capital stock of an economy rises when net investment is positive, that is when gross investment exceeds depreciation. The capital stock falls when net investment is negative, that is when gross investment is less than depreciation. In 1933 net private domestic investment was minus $6 billion. This does not mean the country produced no capital goods: what it means is that the production of capital goods was less than what was lost due to wear and tear, thus the net impact was an overall loss in capital stock. Gross private investment in most cases cannot be negative, since you can decide not to invest in new factories, but how do you decide to make a negative investment on an economy wide scale. The only possible case I can think of, and many will disagree with this, is when China under Mao went for what is now called the â€Å"Great Leap Forward.† Farmers started melting their ploughs and other equipment to provide steel to the government, thus destroying the existing cap ital, without investing in the new one. Thus you are using your effort to destroy what is there: negative gross investment. 4. What are the major factors that have affected U.S. household consumption since the recession in 2001? Many major events have happened in the country and in the world since the year of 2001. The price of oil has skyrocketed causing more Americans to spend money fueling their cars rather than buying goods and services. We have also encountered another recession in 2007 because of risky trading/investment tactics on Wall Street that caused the housing market to crash. This put unemployment at an all-time high since the depression era, and destroyed faith in America’s economic system. Firms were reluctant to investment in the American public because they were afraid we would lose our jobs. Also, we have fought in two wars. One of the wars has been the longest in American history. This dries up resources and ups government spending. The government has less money to investment its citizens and firms have fewer resources to produce products for consumers to buy. 5. Briefly explain how the following would shift the IS function to the right. a.A change to lump-sum taxation (Specify whether increase or decrease is needed to shift IS curve to the right.) Decreasing a lump sum tax will shift the IS curve to the right. Decreasing the lump sum tax will increase consumer income, which will cause aggregate demand to go up. b.A change to government spending (Specify whether increase or decrease is needed to shift IS curve to the right.) Increasing government spending will shift the IS curve to the right. Increasing government spending will cause aggregate demand to go up, and shift the IS curve to the right. 6. Explain briefly how a change to the following MS, MD, or P (ceteris paribus) would shift the LM function to the right. Include in your discussion whether the variable would have to increase or decrease to cause the rightward LM shift. Discuss which of these the FED exercises control over. a. MS. b. MD (money demand). c. P (price index). The LM curve deals with interest and income and is sloping upward. When the demand of money and supply of money equal each other the market is at equilibrium. The LM curve shifts when either the supply or demand of money changes. The FED has control over money supplied. a. MS. Increasing money supplied would cause the LM curve to shift to the right. Money supplied would drop interest rates and shift the IS curve to right. b. MD. An increase in money demand would cause the LM curve to shift to the right. Consumers are wanting to spend more which raises GDP c. P. Price is the only one out of the three that a decrease is needed to shift the IS curve to the right. When prices go down wages go down and consumers have less to spend. 7. By how much will GDP change if firms increase their investment by $8 billion and the MPC is .80? If the MPC is .67? MPC .80 = 40 billion. The MPC produces a multiplier of 5. (1/(1-.8))=5. 5Ãâ€"8=40 billion MPC .67 = 24 billion. The MPC produces a multiplier of 3.03030. (1/(1-.67))=3.0303. 3.0303Ãâ€"8= 24.2424 billion 8. Suppose that private sector spending is highly sensitive to a change in interest rate. Compare the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy in terms of rising and lowering real GDP. A reduction in the national interest rate will increase the GDP because investments will be in a higher demand. If the FED raises interest rates then investments will go down and lower GDP. If the Fed keeps interest rates low like they have the last couple of years in an attempt to stimulate the economy, GDP should go up. 9. Assume that a hypothetical economy with an MPC of .8 is experiencing severe recession. By how much would government spending have to increase to shift the aggregate demand curve rightward by $25 billion? How large a tax cut would be needed to achieve this same increase in aggregate demand? Why the difference? Determine one possible combination of government spending increases and tax decreases that would accomplish this same goal. The MPC is the same as Question 7 so we know that it will give us a spending multiplier of 5. The tax cut multiplier is .8/(1-.8)=4. If we want to shift the aggregate demand curve by 25 billion, you would divide the 25 billion wanted by the multiplier of 5. 25/5= 5 billion. Same formula goes to the tax cut but with a multiplier of 4. 25/4= 6.25. Either way you are trying to put money into consumers’ pockets so they will hopefully spend more. The difference is because of the MPC. Only .8 of the tax cut will be spend by consumers. They will save the other .2. A possible combo is an increase of 1 billion in government spending and a 5 billion dollar tax cut. 10. What are government’s fiscal policy options for ending severe demand-pull inflation? Use the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model to show the impact of these policies on the price level. Which of these fiscal policy options do you think might be favored by a person who wants to preserve the size of government? A person who thinks the public sector is too large. There are several things the government can do. They can reduce government spending or increase taxes; both ways will put money back into the government’s pocket. Either way the key is putting money back into the government’s pocket. The price level will fall when it is flexible downward. The overall goal of government policy is to provide stability and not have price levels raise slowly not rapidly. Also, the do not want to reduce price levels. Democrats want to preserve the size of government. They favor more taxes and more government spending. GOP favors fewer taxes, reducing government spending, and reducing government power over the citizens. 11. Explain why relatively flat as opposite relatively steep labor demand curves are more consistent with the empirical observation that there are relatively minor changes in the real wage rate over the course of the business cycle. If the demand curve is flat then a reduction or an increment in labor demand does not alter the price (the wage is too much). On the other hand, if the demand curve is steep, then an equivalent change in demand has much bigger change in the wage rates. Empirical results suggest that wages are sticky, and the steep labor demand curve cannot explain this observation. 12. Is sustainable long-run equilibrium always reached when the AD and SAS curves intersect? Why or why not? No. The economy would be in a short-run equilibrium when the AD and SAS curves intersect, and not necessarily in long-run equilibrium. It would be in a sustainable long-run equilibrium if the economy finds itself operating on both the labor demand curve and the labor supply curve. This occurs when the labor demand and labor supply curves intersect, so there is no pressure to change. At this point the actual real wage equals the equilibrium real wage and Y = YN. At any other combination of W, P, and Y, the SAS curve will shift as expectations are adjusted. 13. If the equilibrium real wage remains constant, what happens to the nominal wage when the actual inflation rate exceeds the expected inflation rate? Real Wage Rate = Nominal Wage Rate – Inflation. Taking expectations we can say that expected Real Wage Rate = Expected Nominal Wage Rate – Expected Inflation This can be rewritten as expected Real Wage Rate + Expected Inflation = Expected Nominal Wage Rate. If the equilibrium real wage rate remains constant, while inflation exceeds expected inflation then the nominal wage rate has to rise. 14. â€Å"In the steady state, the government benefits from inflation.† Explain. The government benefits from inflation in two ways. First, it obtains an extra source of revenue, called seignorage or the inflation tax. The government can then lower ordinary taxes or increase spending more than it could otherwise. Second, the government may gain if inflation raises the nominal interest rate by less than inflation itself.

Intercultural Interview - 1422 Words

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN COMMUNICATION Ââ€" SPRING 2007 PROFESSOR CIRAULO INTERCULTURAL INTERVIEW PAPER ASSIGNMENT: Achieving competence as an interpersonal communicator in a diverse society is necessary to your personal and professional success. One way to enhance our understanding of interpersonal communication as a relationship-building activity is to engage in first hand dialogue with people from cultures other than your own. This assignment gives you the opportunity to engage in the dual perspective Ââ€" honoring the perspective of the person with whom you are communicating as well as honoring your own perspective. You are also able to contrast your worldview with the perspective of someone with a different life experience than your†¦show more content†¦Therefore, it is important that you: 1) construct your interview questions carefully, 2) ask your interviewees to expand on their answers (perhaps come up with some follow-up questions), and 3) use paraphrasing and active, mindful listening to make sure you understand the perspective of your interviewee. Keep in mind that the quality of your paper directly depends on the quality of your interviews. Plan and prepare for your interviews carefully. You should seriously consider doing one or more follow-up interviews to clear up any points about which you are unclear after having thought about them post-interview. PAPER ORGANIZATION: Structure your paper as follows, with each of the separate sections labeled in bold type: INTRODUCTION Use this section to provide your reader with brief information on the three concepts you selected (no need to explain the concepts in their entirety), why you selected these particular concepts, background information about the culture with which you identify, information about your interviewees and the culture with which they identify and anything that serves as introduction. This section should be detailed and brief Ââ€" about  ½ to  ¾ of a full page. CONCEPT #1: (NAME OF CONCEPT) In this section, briefly describe the first concept you chose to analyze. Then, list the first culture you chose to explore and explain, in detail, how the concept is used by members of that culture (incorporate information you gainedShow MoreRelatedIntercultural Interview Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesFor the intercultural interview, I decided to interview my friend Medelyn, a 19 year old female of Honduran and Mexican descent. During the interview, I focused on her Honduran culture, as she was born in Honduras, I asked her a multitude of various questions ranging from formalities in her culture to gender roles to classism in her culture.. The interview lasted about twenty minutes, I asked her about fifteen questions, and after she answered each question there would be a small discussion aboutRead MoreCoaching Interviews : Common Threads1079 Words   |  5 PagesCoaching Interviews: Common Threads – Different but Yet the Same When I reflect on the beginning of my journey as a Christian, I fondly recall the warm and secure blanket of love and guidance I received from Ms. Mackey, a well-seasoned member of my church congregation. She took me under her wings, and provided me with a safe haven where I could glean from her wisdom, experience and become motivated to serve. Eventually, I was mature enough to fly away; and, fly away I did! This was one of the bestRead MoreThe Discrimination Of A Male Dominant Company1888 Words   |  8 Pagesmade up of mostly men and maybe about 5% women. Working in a male dominant company can be difficult for any woman. However, my first interviewee Anusha remains strong doesn t let anyone push her around which was one of the reasons I decided to interview her. What I first noticed about both interviewees were that they were both so pleased to be in America. I sometimes feel as if Americans take living in America for granted, we never truly understand what it feels like to be without. Both of my interviewees’Read MoreDiscuss The 11 Common Areas Of Intercultural Misunderstanding1957 Words   |  8 Pages Case Study Analysis: Discuss the 11 Common Areas of Intercultural Misunderstanding Mirlande Jean-Pierre Davenport University MGMT 535 – Spring 1 2015 Dr. Beverly Pierce June 20, 2015) â€Æ' Abstract Nowadays, many companies have prompted business establishments to expand its network across cultures so that they can keep up being culturally competence in the internal business world (Vennapoosa, C., 2012, July). The importance of cross-cultural competence skill is becoming progressivelyRead MoreUnderstanding The Experiences Of Karishma Zafar Essay1969 Words   |  8 Pagesdiverse world, intercultural communication skills have become more relevant and significant. It is crucial to avoid ignorance, hatred and discrimination and instead, adapt and integrate for harmonious interactions. This essay will discuss the experiences of Karishma Zafar, an Indian who migrated to New Zealand, in relation to intercultural communication concepts such as attributions, its characteristics, misattributions and attribution errors. It will also discuss Bennet’s intercultural sensitivityRead MoreIntercultural Marriage Is Not Just A Union Between Two Cultures827 Words   |  4 PagesIn addition to these basic problems, another major issue ascends about religion. Intercultural marriage is not just a union between two cultures, but also of two religions. Many a times, marriages face a breakup or divorce just because the two are not able to unite in terms of their respective religions. In such a situation, one partner either endure their own religion or change their preferences for the other. But, then they might have quarrels on religious matters when it comes to family or forRead MoreIvey – Development of a Multi-National Personnel Selection System2637 Words   |  11 Pagesimplementing a two-tiered system.12 The first tier consists of three modules. Firstly, viewing the candidates’ application documents. Second, conducting a telephone interview and thirdly, obtaining references from three former employees. The second tier is separated into four modules. A panel interview, biography-oriented, in-depth interview, simulated group exercise and testing respectiv ely13. In my opinion a simulated group exercise is especially a strength, as it shows how an applicant works in teamRead MoreIntercultural Competence Of International Recruiters37.9088 Words   |  37 PagesINTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE OF INTERNATIONAL RECRUITERS 37 Literature Review Studies of intercultural competence over the past thirty years attempt to measure the success or growth of an individual’s knowledge, skills and attitudes in relation to other cultures (Sinicrope, Norris Watanabe, 2007). Global learning outcomes such as intercultural communication skills, intercultural adaptability, intercultural sensitivity, intercultural maturity, and intercultural competence are skills that universitiesRead MoreIntercultural Communication At A Multicultural Classroom Essay2236 Words   |  9 Pages Intercultural communication case study report in a multicultural classroom in Brisbane metropolitan Name Course Institution Tutor Theoretical background of the study There are various global and local issues which relate to culture which have brought a lot of controversies on whether children should directly engage themselves with people from different cultures and ethnic backgrounds. This is very important for the tutors who teach students on the way of interacting withRead MoreCross Cultural Theories Are Effective And Based On Evaluations2300 Words   |  10 Pagesapproach deals with â€Å"the learning of information or skills from a lecture-type orientation† (Mendenhall et al., 1987, p. 339). Its general assumption is â€Å"knowledge increases empathy, and empathy will modify behavior in such a way as to improve intercultural relationships† (Campbell, 1969, p. 3). Tung’s Area Studies and Brislin, Landis, and Brandt’s (1983) fact-orientation training fit into this category. The fact-orientation, supported by Brislin et al. (1983), resembles Tung’s Area Studies (1981

Women For Women s Rights - 949 Words

Women for Afghan Women (WAW) are a grassroots, civil society organization. The mission is dedicated to securing and protecting the rights of disenfranchised Afghan women and girls in Afghanistan and New York, particularly their rights to develop their individual potential, to self-determination, and to be represented in all areas of life: political, social, cultural and economic. We advocate for women’s rights and challenge the norms that underpin gender-based violence wherever opportunities arise to influence attitude and bring about change. I, Belqis Hussaini worked as a Case Worker with Family Guidance Center (FGC) department with Women for Afghan Women (WAW) on behalf of US Government in Kabul from January 01, 2007 to June 30, 2014. In these several years, I have worked on hundreds cases that I mediated and followed up those cases, I have faced with many threats at different times and in different ways such as telephonic and pursuers. In January of 2007, I have worked on a case by the name of Mrs. Homa D/O Nooragha that her husband was a member of a party that worked against government that he was a commander of Taliban party. He tortured his wife Mrs. Homa. He ablated her nails; broke her legs and he beat her brutally. She has run away from her husband and has gone to police station. After that, we have covered and confined her in Ibn-Sina Hospital, which this case telecasted by many TV channels as well as Associated Press. Mrs. Homa’s husband had seven brothers thatShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesa myriad of women have expressed through outlets such as public assemblies, literature, and speeches. There have been three waves of the women’s movement, each targeting a variety of issues within each era. The third wave was in 1995, where Hillary Clinton spoke in Beijing, China, claiming that women’s rights were the same as human rights, that every aspiring girl deserved the civil liberties that every man was given around the world. Moreover, the movement had shifted towards women in developingRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1265 Words   |  6 Pagesstands in the way of women being equal to men? Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are still seenRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women881 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty –first century ladies are discovering it a daunting task to keep up both sexual orientation parts as an aftereffect of the women s activist development. They are presently assuming liability for both the s upplier and the nurturer, battling like never before to acquire and keep a superior personal satisfaction. Woman s rights has supported in equivalent vocation opportunity, battling to get ladies acknowledged into the employment advertise, and what initially began as ladies strengtheningRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesthe early 1920’s, women thought they had achieved the unachievable. They could finally work, keep their earned wages, marry whomever they please, and even vote. After reaching their goal and fighting vigorously, women could taste equality and the freedom they deserved. While women still have the right to work in today’s society, women are not exactly treated equal in the workplace. Regardless of the past and the extreme measures taken to ensure equal opportunities for both men and women, there are manyRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1920s, women were ignored in every aspect of their life. From politics, to social situations, women were constantly looked at as lesser. The 20s was a decade of women ready to fight for their rights. From gaining social freedoms, to getting political rights, the 20s was the first decade of feminism. Many women played key roles in the fight for women s rights through speeches, marches, and much more. The women that fought for their rights in the 1920s completely changed how women live their livesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1230 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s suffrage has stretched from the 1800’s to present day, as women have struggled to have the same civil and constitutional rights as men in politics and be appreciated as equals in the workforce. Groups of women known as suffragists questioned the customary views of women’s roles. Eventually our nation has evolved and realized that male-controlled societies suppress women’s rights. From the beginning steps taken in 1850 to 2013 with women earning combat role s in the military, women’s rolesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1206 Words   |  5 Pagesto speak of women and the role of women in this election, the subject of women is tiresome but necessary in a world where gender is still existent as an obstacle for most. I cannot identify what woman is. 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Cultural Differences And Diversity Of The Australian Media

The Australian media plays a prominent role in influencing the way society makes sense of the world and its relations with others through portraying certain dominant discourses of politics, cultures and current affairs. Through this it can have positive and negative effects on cultural differences experienced within multicultural Australia. This essay will discuss the discourses that are prevalent in commercial and non-commercial television about cultural differences and diversity, and how this can either promote or denounce the inclusiveness of communities or allowing alternative voices to be heard. The media narrates contemporary problems or stories in society in a way that can have a significant influence on how its viewers understand†¦show more content†¦When commercial television is discussing and prevailing such dominant discourses about ideas of marriage, terrorism, socio economic statuses, mental health, politics and other cultures, it has the ability to disempower difference through only explaining these issues from one view point of view or a singular representation. This constant widespread negative coverage of minorities or other cultures can misguide Australian attitudes and viewpoints, to further reaffirm certain prejudices or biases by only being exposed to the negative actions of a group (Jacobs Kershen 2011). This Symbolic violence can describe minorities in a way that leaves them voiceless, ignored and condemned through media and the views of larger society (Venzo Hess 2013). When ethnic minorities are shown in a prominent role on commercial televisio n or a news segment, it is usually in relation to crime and disorder or from being a perceived social threat to the Australian culture or way of life (Phillips 2011). Although all broadcasting media need to follow protocols within their policies to avoid representing ethnic and religious communities in ways that are discriminatory within their practice, it is still conducted in a way that disempowers these communities and maintains the prejudices against them (Phillips 2011). An example of this is howShow MoreRelatedEssay on Diversity ANZ Bank1307 Words   |  6 PagesANZ Bank After analysing the ANZ diversity policy, I have identified two key business objectives they are trying to pursue. The first being the ageing population within Australia and the second being an international expansion into Asian economies. Ageing Population: Statistics show that Australia has an increasing population of seniors from the age of 50 and over. It is estimated to increase to 57% of the customer population by 2021, making it a large and therefore important market segmentRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of Australia s Multicultural Policy1498 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican demographics are facing countless trials in successfully integrating into Australian society and this has an impact on the country’s social cohesion. This essay will be supported by an interview with Cooper from Australia, Fang from China, Vo from Vietnam and Ngeno from Kenya. Introduction The 1978 implementation of Australia s multiculturalism policy was founded on the principles of social cohesion. The Australian government (2013) has been critical in supporting the assimilation of migrantsRead MoreRegulating The Digital Communication Nationally1218 Words   |  5 Pagesissues including the portrayal of women, indigenous people and cultural diversity. This forms under the basis of which the media should not promote prejudice and intolerance of these issues. Ultimately, the regulation aims to terminate potentially harmful images from the media, protect adults from spontaneous material that is likely offensive against social values. Minimal requirements are necessary for Australian content on digital media outlets such as television or radio, so as to prohibit overseasRead MoreSocial Inequality And Stereotyping Cultures From Political Power1384 Words   |  6 Pagesthe argument of how the one off multicultural events can be seen as racist, fostering social-inequality and stereotyping cultures from political power. It will also outline how educators with the right strategies and planning can foster valuable cultural experiences and cultivate socio-equality with their students and their school communities. 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Contract Law Legally Enforceable

Question: Discuss about the case study Contract Law for Legally Enforceable. Answer: Introduction: The issue in this case is if the promise made by Jane to give her car to Jack is legally enforceable in view of the fact that consideration is not present to support the promise made by Jane. In this way, the present issue deals with the role of consideration under the contract law. The contract law as prescribed that offer, acceptance and consideration are the essential elements that should be present in case of a legally enforceable contract. According to the contract law, a contract is considered as valid and enforceable by the law only if the above mentioned elements are present (Atiyah, 1990). According to the law, each party should provide consideration for the promise that has been received by it under the contract. In the same way, the law provides that past consideration is not a valid consideration (Re McArdle, 1951). Therefore, consideration can be described as anything of value. Due to this reason, it is required that consideration should be something real and illusionary consideration is not valid (Thomas v Thomas, 1842). In this case, Jane had promised to give his car to Jack at the offer was accepted by Jack. But in return, Jack has not made a promise to pay any price for the car or in other words there is no consideration. But in this regard, according to the law of contract, a contract can be legally enforced only if consideration is present to support such a promise. In the present case, Jack has not given any consideration in return of the promise made by Jane to give his Lotus super sports car. Therefore it can be said that Jack does not have an enforceable agreement in this case. The issue in this question is if the elements of a valid contract are present when Jack accepted the offer to purchase the Lotus super sports car from Jane at a price of $25,000. As mentioned above, there are certain elements that should be present in an agreement to make it to legally enforceable contract. These elements include offer, acceptance and consideration. Apart from it, it is also require that the party should have the intention of entering into a legal relationship and in the same way, they should also have the capacity to create a valid contract (Beatson, Burrows and Cartwright, 2010). Therefore when an offer made by one party to the contract is accepted by the other party, in return of a valid consideration, it is said that a legal contract has been created between the parties (White v Bluett, 1853). In the present case, Jane had made an offer to sell his Lotus super sports car for $25,000 to Jack. The market value of the card is also around $25,000. Therefore this offer is accepted by Jack and he agrees to pay $25,000 for the car to Jane. Under these circumstances, it is clear that the essential elements that are necessary for creating legally enforceable contract are present in this case and as a result, Jack has legally enforceable contract. In this case, Jack can enforce the contract against Jane. The issue in this case is related with the adequacy of consideration. Jane had made an offer to sell her Lotus Super 7 sports car at a price of $2500 while in reality; the market price of the car was around $25,000. The offer was accepted by Jack and as a result, an issue arises in this contract is enforceable by Jack. The relevant rule of law related with the adequacy of consideration provides that the validity of contract does not depend on the adequacy of consideration. The only requirement is that considered it should be something of value in the eyes of law (Beale, (ed) 2002). According to the law contract, it is not necessary that the benefit that has been conferred on the other party or the detriment suffered by the promisee in return of the promised should be equal to their responsibility that has been assumed by the promisor. In other words, it can be said that it is not necessary that the consideration should be adequate. As a result, any real consideration, also a small it may be, is sufficient for supporting a promise made by the other party. In Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd (1959), the court reiterated the doctrine of the contract law according to which the consideration is required to be sufficient but it is not necessary that it should also be adequate. In the present case, Jane had offered to sell the car at $2500 while in reality the market price of the car was around $25,000. But by applying the principle that the consideration should be sufficient and it is not necessary that the consideration should be adequate, it can be said that when the offer made by Jane was accepted by Jack, and the enforceable contract has been created between the parties. Therefore in this case, Jack can enforce this promise against Jane. The issue in this case is related with the impossibility of the promise made by the fires according to which they had agreed to pay extra US $3 million to the shipbuilders in case the shipbuilders completed the tanker on time. It was particularly important for the buyer that the bank that should be completed on time as they already had a charter for the tanker. According to the traditional position under the contract law, it has been provided that a promise can be considered as enforceable only if he has been supported by consideration (Atiyah, 2000). This is particularly the case in Stilk v Myrick (1809) where the ship's Master had made a promise to the crew that the wages of the two deserters will be distributed among the rest of the members of the crew who had remained on the ship. However when the crew tried to enforce this promise, it was stated by the court that this promise was not enforceable due to the reason that any consideration has not been provided by the members of the group for the promise made by the captain. The court stated that the members of the crew were already under a contract complete the voyage. Similarly the position adopted by the court in this case also appears to have been applied in the case is related with partial payment in the full satisfaction of the debt. By example in Pinnel's case (1602), the defendant had not provided any consideration return of the promise made by the plaintiff not to sue on the partial payment accepted by it. However, the situation was significantly changed by the decision given Williams v Roffey (1990). In this case, Roffey had entered into a contract with Williams for doing some carpentry work. The parties agreed that the price will be 20,000 for the carpentry work. However, after some time, Williams found themselves in financial difficulties. On the other hand, Roffey were concerned that if the work was not completed on time, they may be held liable under the penalty clause that was present in the main building contract with a third-party. Therefore, they made a promise to pay an extra amount to Williams for every flat that was completed on time. But later on, Roffey decided against paying this extra amount. The plaintiff sued them for the extra money promised by them. It was argued by the defendant that Williams had only done what they were already bound to do under the contract by completing the work on time. However the decision of the court in this case was that the defendant, Roff ey was found by the promise to pay extra money on the completion of the work on time. The court further stated that they require consideration has been provided by Williams in this case As Roffey had achieved a practical benefit in the form of avoiding the penalty and also by avoiding the need for finding a new sub-contractor. In this way, it was stated by the court that the promise for paying the extra amount if the work was completed on time was legally enforceable and as a result, the amount can be legally recovered by the other party. Under these circumstances, a rule of the contract law has been developed according to which the promise of paying extra amount if the work was completed on time was legally enforceable if the party that had made the promise of paying the extra amount was going to attain any advantage or avoid any laws as a result of the completion of the work on time. In the same way, in such a case it is also required that the promise for paying the extra money should not be the result of any economic duress or fraud and therefore in such a case, the benefit that the party making the promise is going to receive as a result of the word being completed on time could act as a good consideration for this promise. When the above-mentioned rules of contract law are applied to the facts of this case, it can be said that in this case also the buyer has made a promise according to which they were going to pay extra amount to the shipbuilder so that the work of making the tanker can be completed on time as the shipbuilder was set to suffer the loss as a result of the devaluation of the US currency by the government. Under these circumstances, the shipbuilder asked for the payment of extra US $3 million otherwise they will stop the work. Under these circumstances, the buyer reluctantly agreed to pay the extra amount. The reason was that the buyer already had the charter for the tanker and therefore it was very important that the tanker was delivered on time. On these grounds, in the present case, it can be said that the promise made by the buyer to pay extra US $3 million to the shipbuilder was legally enforceable if such promise was not made as a result of the economic duress on part of the shipbuilder. As in this case, the buyer was going to achieve an end wanted by the completion of the ship on time, it can be said that the promise of paying the extra amount was legally enforceable. References Atiyah, P.S. 1990, Essays on Contract, Oxford University Press, New York Atiyah, P.S. 2000 An Introduction to the Law of Contract, Clarendon Beale, H., (ed) 2002 Cases, Materials and Text on Contract Law (Hart Beatson, J. Burrows A. and Cartwright, J. 2010 Anson's Law of Contract, 29th edn OUP Chappell v Nestle [1960] AC 87 Pinnel's Case [1602] 5 Co. Rep. 117 Re McArdle (1951) Ch 669 Re Wragg Ltd [1897] 1 Ch 796 Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58 Thomas v Thomas) (1842) 2 QB 85 White v Bluett (1853) 2 WR 75 Williams v Roffey Bros and Nicholls Contractors) Ltd (1990) 1 All ER 512